Author Archives: Jonas Mensah

Market downturns or industry challenges affecting subsidiary operations create financial stress that ultimately impacts holding company dividend income and asset values, despite legal liability protections. International holding company structures can optimize global tax efficiency while maintaining compliance with relevant tax regulations across jurisdictions where subsidiaries operate. This protection extends to personal asset protection when individuals transfer valuable assets to holding companies. As a result, it creates additional barriers against lawsuits and legal challenges that might otherwise threaten personal wealth or business assets.

Defining a Business Holding and the Benefits for Your Company

These entities neither participate in selling the products and services that the firms under control manufacture and market nor are involved in any other business operations or activities. Instead, the sole purpose of those firms is to control and keep a watch on the subsidiaries. Holding companies that own 80% or more of every subsidiary can reap tax benefits by filing consolidated tax returns. A consolidated tax return is one that combines the financial records of all the acquired firms together with that of the parent company. In such a case, should one of the subsidiaries encounter losses, they will be offset by the profits of the other subsidiaries. In addition, the net effect of filing a consolidated return is a reduced tax liability.

• By separating business operations into different subsidiaries under a holding company, the legal and financial liability of each entity is limited.
• In conclusion, a holding company serves as a financial vehicle for owning and controlling diverse assets, providing legal separation and reducing liability.
• I also encourage business owners to seek legal and tax guidance from an attorney and accounting professional to help them make informed decisions about structuring multiple businesses.
• By owning a controlling stake in various subsidiaries, holding companies can segment risk while benefiting from diversified revenue streams.
• These entities neither participate in selling the products and services that the firms under control manufacture and market nor are involved in any other business operations or activities.

Limiting investment allows interested equity investors the chance to choose which company they want to invest in. If it was one large corporation, an investor would be investing in all divisions and segments of the company. By limiting investment, you can raise capital and create partnerships for each business on its own.

An intermediate holding is a firm that is both a holding company of another entity and a subsidiary of a larger corporation. An intermediate holding firm might be exempted from publishing financial records as a holding company of the smaller group. An immediate holding company is one that retains voting stock or control of another company, in spite of the fact that the company itself is already controlled by another entity. Put simply, it’s a type of holding company that is already a subsidiary of another. Although owning more than 50% of the voting stock of another firm guarantees greater control, a parent company can control the decision-making process even if it owns only 10% of its stock.

• If a subsidiary company goes bankrupt, the holding company may experience a capital loss and a decline in net worth.
• A holding company is a financial vehicle for owning and controlling other assets, such as real estate, stocks, or companies.
• Essentially, the company does not participate in any other business other than controlling one or more firms.

Understanding these limitations helps inform decisions about whether holding company structures align with specific business objectives and risk tolerance. The primary advantage involves legal separation that protects assets from subsidiary liabilities and potential creditor claims. If one subsidiary experiences financial difficulties or legal challenges, creditors typically cannot access assets held by the holding company or other subsidiaries within the corporate group.

When the parent company purchases 51% or more of the subsidiary, it automatically gains control of the acquired firm. By not purchasing 100% of each subsidiary, a small business owner gains control of multiple entities using a very small investment. If a holding company files a consolidated tax return, the profits of one or more subsidiaries can be offset by the losses of others. That can help lower the tax burden collectively for the companies under the parent company.

A holding umarkets forex broker company, or “Holdco,” is a business entity, often a corporation or LLC, that primarily exists to own a controlling interest in other companies known as subsidiaries. Unlike typical operational entities, holding companies do not engage in manufacturing, selling products, or day-to-day business operations. A holding company is a financial vehicle for owning and controlling other assets, such as real estate, stocks, or companies. Using a holding company creates legal separation between the assets and the owners, and reduces the liability for the owners if one of the holdings encounters financial trouble.

This balance between independence and coordination exemplifies effective governance in holding companies. Board selection represents a critical early decision, as holding company directors will establish the strategic direction for the entire corporate group. As major shareholders, holding companies typically elect boards within subsidiary companies, requiring coordination between holding company strategy and subsidiary-level governance. Holding companies generate revenue through diversified income streams that differ from traditional operating businesses. Revenue typically flows from subsidiary ownership, asset leasing arrangements, centralized services, and investment activities that create multiple profit centers within the corporate structure. This distinction affects their operational complexity and governance requirements.

Succession Planning and Business Continuity

Things get more complicated with an operating LLC taxed as an S Corporation The shareholders of an S Corporation may only be individuals, a qualified single-member LLC, certain trusts, estates, and certain exempt organizations. In other words, the shareholders of an S Corporation cannot be a partnership or a corporation unless the operating S Corporations qualify for QSub (qualified subchapter S subsidiary) election. QSub election basically allows QSubs to be treated as disregarded entities for federal income tax purposes and be collapsed into a holding company that’s a partnership or a corporation. Keep in mind that while subsidiaries don’t have to file their own federal tax returns when they’re part of the holding company’s consolidated return, they may have to file their own returns at the state level.

Buying a business

Regulatory compliance also becomes more complex, particularly for companies operating across multiple jurisdictions and industries. There might also be conflicts of interest between the holding company’s objectives and individual subsidiaries, for which there might be other shareholders. Alphabet Inc. (GOOGL) is a holding company that owns Google and several other technology companies, such as Nest, Waymo, Deepmind, and Fitbit. While Google continues its operations in search, advertising, and other internet services, Alphabet manages the overall corporate strategy and assets across its portfolio of companies. A holding company does not produce goods and services but can hold assets both tangible and intangible such as intellectual property, land, buildings, trading stock etc.

Acquisitions: The Business of Buying Businesses

In some cases, holding companies can even force their subsidiaries to lay off a large section of the workforce or plunder their acquisitions for saleable assets. Known as vulture capitalism, these strategies can have the effect of inflating the holding company’s overall numbers at the expense of the subsidiary. There are two main ways through which corporations can become holding companies. One is by acquiring enough voting stock or shares in another company; hence, giving it the power to control its activities. The second way is by creating a new corporation from the ground up, and then retaining all or part of the new corporation’s shares.

I’m an experienced professional with in-depth knowledge of financial structures, corporate entities, and business strategies. My expertise is grounded in practical application and a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter. Throughout my career, I’ve navigated the complexities of holding companies, delving into their advantages, disadvantages, types, and the intricate ways they operate within the business landscape. A holding company is a company that doesn’t conduct any operations, ventures, or other active tasks for itself. In other words, the company does not engage in the buying and selling of any products and services.

Businesses that are 100% owned by a holding company are called “wholly owned subsidiaries,” while holding companies may also own smaller but controlling interests in other subsidiaries. Yes, using accounting software makes it easier to issue, record, and track credit notes, ensuring compliance with legal and tax requirements. The primary function of a holding is to control, manage, and oversee the subsidiary companies that form part of its group. Although these companies may operate independently, the holding has a significant influence over their financial and administrative structure.

Therefore, it offers the advantage of personal liability protection as all actions of the corporation are tied to the corporation, not its owners. For entrepreneurs who envision growing the business, the C Corp structure allows for raising capital by issuing or selling stock. Also, a C Corp has perpetual existence under state law, so an incorporated parent company can survive indefinitely (until it’s formally dissolved). Typically, a holding company serves as the owner and administrator of its subsidiary entities but has no direct operations tied to them.

Intelligent risk monitoring and compliance management

Subsidiaries each have their own management for running the day-to-day business, while the holding company’s management owns its assets and oversees the subsidiaries’ bigger-picture policies and decisions. Generally, one subsidiary’s activities do not affect a holding company’s other subsidiaries’ activities. Holding companies may benefit from various tax advantages, such as the ability to consolidate the financial results of group companies, which allows offsetting profits and losses between them. In some countries, dividends received from subsidiaries may be tax-exempt, and capital gains from the sale of shares can receive favorable tax treatment. A business holding is a company whose main purpose is to control other companies through the acquisition of their shares or ownership stakes. While a holding company usually doesn’t get involved in the day-to-day operations of the businesses it controls, it plays a key role in strategic decision-making and managing its corporate interests.

For example, you may want to pass the trading business onto family or sell the trading company but retain a property or other assets yourself. One of the benefits of holding your business premises or other property in a holding company, is that you can then pass on or sell the trading company but retain the property post sale. Schedule a demo to discover how Diligent Entities can streamline your holding company governance with unified entity management and automated compliance tracking.

To create a holding company, you simply need to file the articles of incorporation in the state or jurisdiction where you want to register the company. You will also need to identify the business agents managing the holding and operating companies. This can be complicated, so for companies with larger holdings it is worth engaging a lawyer. However, the holding and a subsidiary firm are not confined to remaining the controlling and the controlled entity forever. Instead, one holding firm can become a subsidiary of another holding entity, and if it grows significantly, a subsidiary company can hold shares of another firm.

Przetestuj społecznościową wymianę walut i korzystaj z pozostałych usług oraz powiązanych produktów. Masz gwarantowane bezpieczeństwo transakcji oraz wygodę, jaką daje możliwość przeprowadzania transakcji w aplikacji mobilnej IKO o każdej porze. Jeżeli planujesz wymienić waluty i chcesz uniknąć dodatkowych opłat za przelewy, Kantor internetowy PKO Banku Polskiego oferuje taką możliwość. Wystarczy, że dokonasz jednej transakcji walutowej w kantorze, a przelewy w walutach takich jak EUR, GBP, USD, czy CHF będą bezpłatne. To znaczne ułatwienie dla osób, które często wykonują operacje finansowe i nie chcą generować z tego tytułu dodatkowych kosztów.

Kantor internetowy – stworzony do transakcji walutowych

Status banku uniwersalnego opiera się na wiodącej na rynku pozycji w private banking, zarządzaniu aktywami i działalności maklerskiej. Bank Pekao jest notowany na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie i uczestniczy w kilku lokalnych (w tym WIG 20 i WIG) oraz międzynarodowych indeksach (w tym MSCI EM, Stoxx Europe 600 i FTSE Developed). Pekao jest jedną z najbardziej dywidendowych spółek giełdowych w Polsce na przestrzeni ostatnich 10 lat, wypłacając łącznie 20 mld zł w ciągu dekady. PKO Bank Polski stworzył platformę zintegrowaną z innymi usługami czy produktami. Karta wielowalutowa do konta, zlecenia warunkowe oraz bezpłatne przelewy wymienionych walut do innych banków. W 1991 roku Bank Pekao otworzył pierwsze w powojennej Polsce biuro maklerskie.

Usługi dodatkowe

Zaloguj się do serwisu internetowego Pekao24 lub aplikacji PeoPay i sprawdź jakie to proste. Grupy Kapitałowe Banku PKO BP zajmują znaczącą pozycję wśród największych polskich pracodawców. Mając na uwadze ten fakt, bank utworzył w 2010 roku Fundację PKO BP, która stara się realizować wiele inicjatyw na rzecz dobra publicznego m. W dziedzinie oświaty, promowania kultury i sztuki, ochrony zdrowia i zapewniania pomocy społecznej, a także ochrony środowiska i dbania o przyrodę. W ten sposób bank wspiera wiele dziedzin rozwijających kapitał intelektualny i społeczny w Polsce i Europie. Powstał na mocy dekretu naczelnika państwa Józefa Piłsudskiego, a jego pierwszą centralę umiejscowiono w Warszawie.

Ponadto klienci mają możliwość dostosowania wyglądu ekranu transakcyjnego kantoru do własnych preferencji i potrzeb. W kantorze walutowym PKO BP można śledzić wykresy walutowe online oraz korzystać z powiadomień/alertów SMS i push w momencie, gdy kurs waluty osiągnie wyznaczony przez klienta poziom. Klient zleci także automatyczną wymianę waluty, gdy jej kurs osiągnie wymaganą wartość oraz ustawi stałe zlecenie, dzięki czemu bank wymieni waluty we wskazanym dniu. Niezależnie od korzystania z Kantoru, możesz w bankowości elektronicznej Pekao24 zlecić przelew pomiędzy swoimi kontami związany z wymianą walut.

• Łatwo zmieniaj opcje wymiany – przełączaj się pomiędzy kupnem lub sprzedażą walut jednym kliknięciem.
• Bank Pekao S.A., założony w 1929 r., jest jedną z największych instytucji finansowych w regionie Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej i drugim największym bankiem uniwersalnym w Polsce z 288 mld zł aktywów.
• W ten sposób bank wspiera wiele dziedzin rozwijających kapitał intelektualny i społeczny w Polsce i Europie.

Kantor PKO BP – ekspresowa wymiana walut po korzystnych kursach

Korzystaj z wykresów prezentujących trendy kursów wymiany w ciągu ostatnich 24h, 3 miesięcy lub 2 lat. Na pulpicie Kantoru Pekao24 możesz ustawić te waluty, które wymieniasz najczęściej. Korzystaj z wygodnej alternatywy dla kursów oferowanych w kantorach. Kantor dostępny dla wszystkich klientów z aktywną bankowością elektroniczną Pekao24. Dzięki Kantorowi Pekao24 waluty wymienisz kiedy chcesz i gdzie chcesz.

Kantor internetowy, który przygotował PKO Bank Polski to odpowiedź na potrzeby klientów indywidualnych chcących wymieniać walutę o dowolnej porze na korzystnych zasadach. Zamiast chodzić do kantorów i porównywać ich oferty stacjonarnie (co zajmuje mnóstwo czasu), można śledzić kursy i wymieniać waluty na swoich warunkach w kantorze społecznościowym. To rozwiązanie dla osób, które chcą unikać tradycyjnych bankowych kosztów. Bank Pekao proponuje swoim klientom w kanałach zdalnych jeszcze bardziej atrakcyjne możliwości związane z  wymianą walut. Nowy Kantor Pekao24 umożliwia bezpieczną wymianę waluty po atrakcyjnych kursach będących alternatywą dla kursów oferowanych w kantorach zarówno internetowych, jak i stacjonarnych.

W czasie rzeczywistym obserwuj zmiany kursów walut i zdecyduj o wymianie w dogodnym dla Ciebie momencie. Bank Pekao S.A., założony w 1929 r., jest jedną z największych instytucji finansowych w regionie Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej i drugim największym bankiem uniwersalnym w Polsce z 288 mld zł aktywów. Posiadając drugą co do wielkości sieć oddziałów, Bank Pekao obsługuje ponad 6,5 mln klientów. Jako wiodący bank korporacyjny w Polsce, obsługuje co drugą korporację w Polsce.

Waluty

Zasady takich przelewów opisuje „Regulamin rachunków bankowych Banku Pekao S.A. Dla osób fizycznych”, a transakcję zrealizujemy po kursie zgodnym z aktualną Tabelą kursową. – Odpowiadając na trendy i zmieniającą się rzeczywistość ułatwiamy naszym klientom możliwość posiadania oszczędności w różnych walutach oraz lokowanie ich w prosty i bezpieczny sposób na rachunkach walutowych. Nowe funkcjonalności kantoru w połączeniu z kontami walutowymi i wielowalutową kartą debetową znacznie ułatwiają przeprowadzanie transakcji walutowych – wskazuje Piotr Wochniak, Dyrektor Departamentu Rynków Finansowych Banku Pekao S.A. Kantor internetowy PKO BP daje dużą kontrolę nad wymianą walut i kursami, po których dokonują się transakcje. Możesz zdecydować się na standardową wymianę lub próbować wymienić walutę po zaproponowanym przez siebie kursie.

Tym samym zostali mu przekazani wszyscy klienci korporacyjni BPH. W 2012 nastąpił drobny rebranding banku, z powodu sponsoringu odbywających się w tym roku czasie Mistrzostw Europy w piłce nożnej, EURO 2012. Strona korzysta z reCAPTCHA i obowiązująpolityka prywatnościorazwarunki korzystania z usługGoogle.

Samochody, materiały budowlane, urządzenia sanitarne, instalacyjne, kosmetyki, artykuły spożywcze i alkohole, a także mieszkania i ich wyposażenie. W latach 1972 roku, wraz z utworzeniem Pewexów, sieć została wyodrębniona ze struktur banku. Wymiana walut  w Kantorze Pekao24 jest możliwa pomiędzy rachunkami oszczędnościowymi o charakterze bieżącym lub oszczędnościowo-rozliczeniowymi w Banku Pekao S.A. Dzięki zastosowaniu nowoczesnych narzędzi, ceny oraz zmiany kursów w Kantorze Pekao24 prezentowane są w czasie rzeczywistym.

Aktywacja kantoru walutowego online

Po zakończeniu drugiej wojny światowej, Bank Pekao ułatwiał polskiej emigracji kontakt i obsługę finansową z mieszkańcami Polski. W tym okresie bank uzyskał zezwolenie ówczesnego ministra finansów na otwieranie kont dewizowych dla osób będących zatrudnionymi poza granicami kraju. W 1960 roku rozpoczęła się emisja „bonów towarowych PeKaO”, pozwalających na zakup deficytowych i zagranicznych towarów w sieciach sklepów prowadzonych bezpośrednio przez bank.

• Po zakończeniu drugiej wojny światowej, Bank Pekao ułatwiał polskiej emigracji kontakt i obsługę finansową z mieszkańcami Polski.
• Wyżej wymienione waluty możesz wymieniać po kursie proponowanym przez bank.
• Grupy Kapitałowe Banku PKO BP zajmują znaczącą pozycję wśród największych polskich pracodawców.
• Klienci mogą również śledzić i analizować trendy w wahaniach kursów poszczególnych walut w różnych przedziałach czasowych.

Wymiana walut jest możliwa nawet w 18 walutach publikowanych w tabeli kursowej banku. Kursy są indywidualnie negocjowane już od 1 jednostki waluty (np. 1 EUR). Transakcje są realizowane natychmiastowo między kontami osobistymi klientów indywidualnych a walutowymi w PKO Banku Polskim, co pozwala na szybkie i sprawne zarządzanie finansami. Aplikacja PeoPay i serwis internetowy niech recesja uczyni cię silniejszym porady cfo fundbox Pekao24 są częścią usługi bankowości elektronicznej.

Oszczędności

Następne oddziały zostały zlokalizowane we Lwowie oraz w Krakowie, Łodzi, Katowicach i Poznaniu. Od momentu utworzenia banku PKO, datować można również początek wprowadzenia do obiegu polskiego złotego, który zastąpił zapożyczoną z Niemczech markę polską. Kantor internetowy to jeden z elementów pakietu walutowego 3w1 PKO Banku Polskiego. Oprócz niego w skład pakietu wchodzą konto walutowe i karta wielowalutowa. Nowoczesny wygląd i łatwa obsługa Kantoru Pekao24 umożliwiają proste kupno lub sprzedaż wybranej waluty. Łatwo zmieniaj opcje wymiany – przełączaj się pomiędzy kupnem lub sprzedażą walut jednym kliknięciem.

Nowoczesny Kantor Pekao24 dostępny jest każdej chwili a atrakcyjna oferta kont walutowych Pekao oraz konkurencyjne kursy gwarantują korzystne transakcje wymiany walut. W kantorze walutowym IKO nie płacimy prowizji za wykonane transakcje. W PKO Banku Polskim funkcjonuje internetowy kantor wymiany walut po kursach oferowanych przez bank, jak również kantor społecznościowy, w którym to Ty decydujesz o kursie wymiany, wystawiając swoją ofertę – to rozwiązanie unikalne na rynku. Wyżej wymienione waluty możesz wymieniać po kursie proponowanym przez bank. Możesz też wymieniać niektóre z nich na swoich warunkach w kantorze społecznościowym.

Some common synonyms of shift are expedient, makeshift, resort, resource, and stopgap. While all these words mean “something one turns to in the absence of the usual means or source of supply,” shift implies a tentative or temporary imperfect expedient. OpenAI plans to roll out GPT-5.1 gradually to keep performance stable, so not all users will see it right away. OpenAI today upgraded GPT-5 to GPT-5.1, the next-generation version of the AI model that powers ChatGPT.

They take an input in the form of text, turn it into a string of numbers, and then use a huge statistical model to work out what the continuation is likely to be, one piece at a time. What ChatGPT and other AI chatbots using large language models are best at is generating answers that sound good–responses that feel believable and have a clear connection to what you asked for. According to a study commissioned by the BBC, ChatGPT is flawed in 81 percent of answers, with at least one serious error in a whopping 45 percent of all generated answers. For real power users, there’s also a Pro subscription, but it costs $200 a month. You get minimal restrictions, the highest possible speed of response, and access to experimental new features. You can try out ChatGPT’s simplest features without creating an account, but to access features like the ability to save conversations for later, you’ll need an account.

To optimize the experience, GPT-5.1 can better adapt the amount of thinking to the complexity of the question, balancing speed and computational power with helpful responses. OpenAI says that users can expect a more enjoyable communication experience, with options to more easily customize ChatGPT’s tone. There are new presets for tone, including Professional, Candid, and Quirky. The new presets join the existing Default, Nerdy, Cynical, Friendly (previously Listener), and Efficient (previously Robot) options. As a result, OpenAI reported that it performed significantly better on the AIME 2025 (an industry-standard mathematical benchmark) and Codeforces (a coding benchmark). The AI has no knowledge, cannot distinguish between fact and fiction, and has no real understanding of anything.

• For real power users, there’s also a Pro subscription, but it costs $200 a month.
• Was the result you got from ChatGPT when you asked for something not very good?
• GPT-5 Auto will remain available in ChatGPT and will continue to automatically select the best model for the chatbot based on the prompt.

How to try GPT-5.1 models

• As before, OpenAI has not disclosed technical details such as the exact number of parameters or the composition of its training dataset.
• As a result, GPT-5.1 is OpenAI’s most widely used model, having undergone significant upgrades.
• ChatGPT can also summarize long texts, give instructions, and answer complex questions on many topics, but you have to be careful with specific facts.

GPT 5.1 Instant and Thinking are rolling out to users today, with paid Pro, Plus, Go, and Business users set to get access first, then free and logged-out users. Enterprise and Edu users will get a seven-day early-access toggle, after which GPT-5.1 will become the default model. The basic idea is that some prompts, on average, lead to better answers. For example, adding a phrase like “now it’s time to think hard and rethink all assumptions” when brainstorming a problem can make ChatGPT’s response more creative. To understand why, you need to know a bit about how the AI generates its answers.

‘Short Shrift’ or ‘Short Shift’?

You can either create an old-fashioned account with an email address and password or log in with Google, Microsoft, or Apple to avoid having to remember another password. In addition to trying the new models, you can also personalize ChatGPT’s tone and style with more precision than ever. As before, OpenAI has not disclosed technical details such as the exact number of parameters or the composition of its training dataset.

Prompt engineering can give better results

ChatGPT is a generative artificial intelligence chatbot developed by OpenAI and released in November 2022. A GPT is a customized chat where each conversation starts with a set of instructions on how the AI should respond. You can upload files that the GPT has access to, choose a preferred model (for example, GPT-5 delivers stronger reasoning capabilities), and enable additional features like web search and image generation. GPT-5 Thinking was built to tackle more complex tasks and therefore spend more time reasoning or thinking through a prompt ot generate an answer.

GPT-5.1 Thinking is able to adapt thinking time more precisely to the question, and responses are clearer with fewer undefined terms. The goal of introducing AI is to save time, letting employees get more done, but in many cases they end up spending as much time fine-tuning their prompts as they previously spent doing the work themselves. The latest reasoning models are better at solving equations, though it’s still easy to trick them into making mistakes on purpose, and some problems they completely miss. ChatGPT can also summarize long texts, give instructions, and answer complex questions on many topics, but you have to be careful with specific facts. Overall, it almost always gets it right, but individual numbers and other facts often get it wrong. With pictures and videos, it’s easy to see whether the results are good or not, but with text it’s more difficult.

ChatGPT isn’t like a noticeboard in a town square where anyone passing by can see what you’ve written. But it’s also not a completely private service, so don’t share your deepest secrets on there. Your conversations aren’t encrypted, so there’s a chance OpenAI staff can see them.

iPhone Air Sales Are So Bad That Apple’s Delaying the Next-Generation Version

GPT-5.1 is also better at instruction-following, which means it can better understand what you were requesting with your prompt, and, as a result, provide a more helpful answer that actually addresses your prompt. When interacting with ChatGPT daily, most of your prompts will likely be relatively simple in nature and, therefore, not require extensive reasoning. As a result, GPT-5.1 is OpenAI’s most widely used model, having undergone significant upgrades. This release was also accompanied by new customization tools and additional personalities for the chatbot. By default, GPT-5.1 Instant is warmer and more playful, and more likely to adhere to parameters that you set.

GPT-5 was launched on August 7, 2025, and is publicly accessible through ChatGPT, Microsoft Copilot, and via OpenAI’s API. While the synonyms stopgap and shift are close in meaning, stopgap applies to something used temporarily as an emergency measure. Our comprehensive guide highlighting every major new addition in iOS 26, plus how-tos that walk you through using the new features. Anders writes news, reviews and buying guides that touch most categories of consumer tech. After many years as a Macworld writer, he has recently written more and more for our sister site, PC for Alla.

OpenAI updated ChatGPT with its highly-anticipated GPT-5 model over the summer, which was supposed to streamline the user experience by making the chatbot automatically pick the right model based on the input query. However, people immediately missed the ability to personalize the experience to their needs — and this GPT 5.1 release promises to bring that choice back. Questions will continue to be routed to the most suitable model using GPT-5.1 Auto.

Their responses come either from external sources (like a search) or from the data the model was trained on. The more accurate information about a topic that’s in the training data, the more likely the results will be correct, but errors can still creep in. There’s no technical difference between a correct answer and a hallucinated one. ChatGPT is conversationally trained, so you can ask questions, request help, or give prompts just like talking to a human. Responses also feel natural and ChatGPT “remembers” everything” (up to a point) that’s been typed in a conversation, so you can ask follow-up questions and reference things you’ve typed before without confusing the chatbot.

But, because the approximation is presented in the form of grammatical text, which ChatGPT excels at creating, it’s usually acceptable. … It’s also a way to understand the “hallucinations”, or nonsensical answers to factual questions, to which large language models such as ChatGPT are all too prone. These hallucinations are compression artifacts, but … they are plausible enough that identifying them requires comparing them against the originals, which in this case means either the Web or our knowledge of the world. At the same time, its release prompted extensive media coverage and public debate about the nature of creativity and the future of knowledge work.

Hardly anyone can have missed the AI phenomenon that has taken the world by storm. Politicians talk about how important it is not to “fall behind in the AI race,” and hundreds of millions have started using AI chatbots.

On Thursday, Enterprise and Edu plans will get a seven-day early-access toggle (off by default), but then GPT-5.1 will become the default model. Both GPT-5.1 Instant and Thinking will be released in the API later this week. GPT-5 Auto will remain available in ChatGPT and will continue to automatically select the best model for the chatbot based on the prompt. The option to select from the new models is intended for specific https://limefx.group/ use cases, or if you prefer a smoother and more natural tone. The less knowledgeable you are about a topic as a user, the less likely you are to spot errors and flaws in the AI-generated results yourself. That’s why you shouldn’t rely on what ChatGPT spits out without first checking more reliable sources.

He schools in various subject areas such as security, networking and creative tools. You can create your account in several ways, in the browser on your computer or in the ChatGPT app for iPhone or Android. For this guide, I have chosen the computer, but the app works the same way.

But it’s trained on vast amounts of existing text and conversations between humans. Since humans mostly speak coherently and stick to the topic at hand, the AI is likely to do the same. Adding more details increases the likelihood that the generated answer will be appropriate.

ChatGPT is good at generating and correcting errors in code, but it’s not great at building complete systems. You need to have the ideas and the big picture, otherwise it’s easy to pancake. Many people now use AI instead of traditional search engines like Google.

Überraschender Schritt: Google.de verschwindet aus dem Internet

Was the result you got from ChatGPT when you asked for something not very good? For regular text chat, there’s no limit to the number of times you can ask limefx forex brokers reviews it something. By rephrasing or adding additional details, you can often get the AI to produce significantly better results.

Google even shows “AI summaries” at the top of the search results, and many users likely read those instead of scrolling past. If you prefer, you can talk to the ChatGPT instead of typing and reading the answers. The AI can recognize and respond in many languages, and you can choose your preferred spoken language in the settings.